![]() They also illustrate the trend in increasing fuel enrichment and fuel burnup and the resulting reduction in spent fuel arising per unit of power. Since very few new nuclear power plants have come online since 1990 and several plants in UK, Lithuania, Germany, Sweden and Bulgaria have been shut down (WNA website, 2008) these trends illustrate increased plant availability in the past decades and increases in net plant electric efficiency of approximately 10% (from app. Arising amounts of spent fuel show a limited decline (approximately 5%) for the period 1990 - 2006, while produced power increased in this period with approximately 20% (see EN27). For example, as indicated by the given burnup rate (see Table), a Candu reactor will produce more spent fuel per kWhe than light water reactors. Storage is by definition an interim measure.Īs indicated in the graph there is no storage facility in the Netherlands because of the export of spent fuel to Areva's reprocessing plants in La Hague.Īrising amounts of spent fuel depend primarily on the amount of power produced, but also to a large extent on the type of reactor, level of fuel enrichment, fuel burnup and power plant net electric efficiency. According to IAEA storage is defined as the holding of spent fuel or radioactive waste in a facility that provides for its containment, with the intention of retrieval. There is presently no commercial storage facility for permanent storage of HLW. 2, together with the number of reactors per country. The number of facilities for intermediate storage of spent fuel are given in Fig. ![]() Presented information refers to the quantity of heavy metals in nuclear fuel, which make up approximately 85% of the uranium fuel and 60% - 70% of the aggregation of fuel and fuel casing (fuel assembly). Historical series of arising spent fuel are given in Fig. This indicator focuses on the production of nuclear waste, its reprocessing and storage, as well as the closely linked issues of costs and the safety/risks of nuclear energy.
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